Reading mathematics

The shorthand itself: what a letter, a subscript, a counter and a summation sign stand for, so a formula can be read back into the arithmetic it abbreviates.

Read in order

  1. Reading a formulaA formula is shorter than the arithmetic it stands for. What do its letters, subscripts, counters and summation sign tell you when you expand it?
  2. Naming a ruleA rule you use over and over needs a shorter name than a sentence. What do the brackets in f(x) actually say, and what changes when one rule takes another rule's output?